Homeopathy for Chronic Kidney Disease.

1. Initial Kidney Injury

The process typically begins with a primary insult to the kidneys, such as:

• Diabetes (high blood glucose causing damage to glomeruli)

• Hypertension (high pressure damaging blood vessels)

• Chronic infections

• Autoimmune diseases (like lupus nephritis)

• Obstructive uropathy (blockage of urine flow)

This initial damage triggers inflammatory and fibrotic responses.

2. Loss of Nephrons

Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons — the functional filtration units.
In CKD:

• Injury to glomeruli and tubules leads to the death (sclerosis) of nephrons.

• Loss of nephrons reduces the overall glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

• Remaining nephrons undergo hyperfiltration (overworking to compensate).

 Hyperfiltration initially maintains near-normal GFR, but over time it stresses healthy nephrons, causing further damage.

3. Progressive Glomerulosclerosis and Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis

• Glomerulosclerosis: Scarring of glomeruli due to prolonged high pressure and inflammation.

• Tubulointerstitial fibrosis: Fibrosis (scar tissue formation) around the kidney tubules and interstitial spaces.

• Ischemia (reduced blood flow) develops due to damage to peritubular capillaries.

These changes lead to irreversible structural damage.

4. Metabolic and Hormonal Imbalances

As CKD progresses:

• Uremia: Accumulation of waste products like urea, creatinine, and toxins.

• Electrolyte abnormalities:

  • Hyperkalemia (high potassium)

  • Hyperphosphatemia (high phosphorus)

  • Hypocalcemia (low calcium)

• Acidosis: Kidneys can’t excrete hydrogen ions properly, leading to metabolic acidosis.

• Anemia: Reduced production of erythropoietin (a hormone stimulating red blood cells).

 These systemic imbalances worsen the patient’s symptoms and organ function.

5. Activation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

• Kidneys sense decreased perfusion (blood flow) due to nephron loss.

• RAAS gets activated:

  • Causes vasoconstriction.

  • Promotes salt and water retention.

  • Increases blood pressure.

• Result: Worsening hypertension, creating a vicious cycle of further kidney damage.

6. Cardiovascular Complications

CKD heavily impacts cardiovascular health:

• Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) due to chronic hypertension.

• Atherosclerosis accelerated by dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation.

• Heart failure is common.

• Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in CKD patients.

7. Bone and Mineral Disorders (CKD-MBD)

• Decreased Vitamin D activation → Hypocalcemia → Secondary hyperparathyroidism.

• Excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes bone resorption (renal osteodystrophy).

• Soft tissue calcification can occur.